Radiation performance enhancement of a compact Fabry-Perot cavity antenna using particle swarm optimization

A Fabry-Perot cavity antenna (FPCA) with a compact single-layer all-dielectric superstructure is designed using particle swarm optimization (PSO). The PSO algorithm, implemented in a MATLAB code, considers Ackley function to achieve stable convergence by adjusting its internal parameters. We performed single-objective optimization using an objective function that maximizes the sum of boresight directivities at three distinct frequencies. It was found that peak directivity of 19 dBi and 3-dB directivity bandwidth of 24 % can be achieved by optimizing the permittivity distribution of the superstructure with a diameter of 2.2A0.