Multiagent based adaptive relaying for distribution network with distributed generation

The existing power grid is experiencing sustaining energy shortage. Distributed generation (DG) including wind energy, solar energy can be a solution for the energy shortage in the existing power grid. Distributed generation is the generation of power using small sized generators that produces electric power at low voltage levels and is connected to the distribution network directly near the load centers. The distributed generations have some negative impacts in the existing power grid in the protection level. The DG sources like wind energy, solar energy etc are dynamic in nature which results in the variation of source impedance. In the presence of distributed generation the fault current characteristics are also changing. The existing relay parameters are not able to identify these changes, which results in malfunction of relays. The solution strategy adopted for the malfunction of relays is adaptive relaying. Adaptive relaying means the relay has to adapt to the changing environment and the decision making capability is to be added with existing relays. The impact of increment of DG penetration in protection in IEEE 5 bus system and a real system which is a Kerala grid system is studied and multiagent based adaptive relaying is proposed as a solution strategy.