Energy-efficient register access

We present and evaluate seven techniques to reduce energy dissipation for accesses to a processor register file: modified storage cell avoids bitline discharge for zero bits, precise read control avoids fetching unused operands, latch clock gating disables latch clocks when operands are not needed, bypass skip turns off regfile reads when bypass circuitry will supply the value, bypass RO treats accesses to RO separately, split bitline reduces access energy for frequently-used registers, and read caching avoids regfile reads when the same register is read twice in succession. For a 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS three-port regfile, we find individual energy savings of 27%, 21%, 8%, 16%, 14%, 12%, and 1% respectively and a combined saving of 59% when all seven techniques are used in combination. The total area overhead is around 17% and the total delay overhead is around 3%.