The quartz crystal oscillator realization using current conveyors

The analysis, design, and realization of a single pin quartz oscillator based on the current conveyor negative impedance converter (NIC) is presented. NIC circuits have the optimal input static characteristic and good dynamic performances for quartz oscillator design. A short analysis of a single pin crystal oscillator is shown by means of general oscillation theory. The obtained results are applied to a new quartz oscillator circuit design. The proposed oscillator has low crystal Q-factor damping, reliable oscillation build-up, isolated output point, and a wide range of operating frequencies. The circuit is suitable for realization in bipolar integrated technology. The results were experimentally confirmed.