Visualization of K-tuple distribution in procaryote complete genomes and their randomized counterparts

We (2000) previously developed a simple scheme to visualize the string composition of long DNA sequences in terms of two- and one-dimensional (2D and 1D) histograms. While the patterns in the 2D histograms have been well understood, the structure of the 1D histograms has not been analyzed in details. It turns out that the structure of the 1D histograms of the genomic sequences and their randomized counterparts varies significantly depending on the g+c content of the genomes. In particular the 1D histograms of some randomized sequences may show rich structure, a seemingly anti-intuitive result. Three approaches are used to explain the phenomenon: (1) Monte Carlo simulation, (2) exact computation by using the Goulden-Jackson cluster method, and (3) a Poisson approximation method. The multi-modal phenomena in K-histograms are well elucidated by the last approach.