Artifact reduction for continuous thermodilution measurement of cardiac output

We have developed a method of reducing respiration artifact and a method for reducing slow drift in thermal recordings used for continuous estimation of cardiac output. We recorded thermal data from three anesthetized pigs and compared our estimates of cardiac output to flow as measured by an ultrasonic flowmeter. When both techniques were used, estimation error was reduced by 33% when compared to standard methods for continuous estimation of cardiac output.