A practical watermarking scheme aligned with compressed-domain CIF-to-QCIF video transcoding

Watermarking schemes are robust to lossy compression, scaling, etc. are presented in this paper. However, in real application a practical watermarking solution should still depend on the specific requirements in order to design the whole system in an effective and efficient way. In this paper, we present a compressed-domain watermarking scheme that closely aligns with MPEG transcoding from the common intermediate format (CIF) to the quarter common intermediate format (QCIF). The watermark is embedded in CIF while the watermark could be extracted from either CIF or QCIF, both in DCT domain. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme is not only robust to multicycle MPEG recoding and CIF to QCIF video transcoding, but also achieves a low computational complexity.