A novel heuristic rotational frequency error detection algorithm

A novel heuristic rotational frequency error detection (FED) algorithm using preamble has been developed to perform carrier frequency synchronization in all-digital demodulators. A superior tracking performance which is almost jitter-free at moderate to high signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), a very fast acquisition time, a low complexity, a large acquisition range, and an operation independent of the carrier phase error are the features of the proposed algorithm. These features make our algorithm suitable for implementation in all-digital demodulators for fast applications such as those in low-earth orbit (LEO) satellites.