Improvement on the technology of producing high quality seawater shrimp broodstocks

Seawater shrimps are high economic valued species. Their natural catch has reached its maximum yield, about 1.6 - 1.8 million ton a year. Shrimp culture is an effective solution to satisfy the continued increasing demand of global markets on this valuable seafood. Shrimp culture, especially the culture of tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon), is a high profit business, but there are also many risks and challenges, especially in the culture techniques, and the degradation of environmental quality, biodiversity, and natural broodstocks. Many nations, including Vietnam, have identified the constitution and maintenance of broodstocks and the induction of maturation and spawning in captivity as their strategic objectives of shrimp culture in the period of 2010 - 2020. The author considers developing techniques for acclimatization of cultured shrimps to the wild environment and to provide food with high quality and attraction to cultured species. Artificial food should be a combination of effective microorganism selected based on (1) natural antibiotic-production to increase disease resistance; (2) food fermentative ability for easy digestion by the shrimp; (3) increase endocrine activity to enhance the spawning efficiency; (4) environmental pollution treatment around the culture areas. The development processes of effective microorganisms are programmed, suitable to each development period of the shrimps. Other issues include: active and safe catching techniques, market-based pricing, and marine biodiversity protection.