Clamp-on shear transducers simplify torsional and extensional investigations [mass flowrate measurement]

This paper treats several practical aspects of using torsional waves in solid sensors to measure fluid density _F. As is well known, the product of _F and flow velocity V leads to mass flowrate M_F. Determining M_F was an important motivator of the present work. This present study consisted mainly of combining several incremental waveguide improvements with a new clamp-on shear transducer couple to launch torsional waves, extensional waves, or both, in elastic waveguides containing one or more sensor zones.