Classification of fingerprints using singular points and their principal axes

This paper proposes a rule-based algorithm for classification of a fingerprint into one of six well-known classes: plain arch, tented arch, right loop, left loop, whorl and twin loop. The rules are formed using the relative locations and types of singular points and the relative directions of their associated principal axes. The reliable and fast classification algorithm is made possible by a simple but effective combination of ridge flow-code technique and orientation variance calculation in the determination of singular points and principal axes. The Poincare indices of these singular points are used to determine their type: ordinary, delta, core or double-core. For a small test sample of 157 fingerprints available to the authors, the correct classification rate is better than 90%.