Wideband saline-water antenna

Basic monopole antennas are becoming less suitable for wireless communications because most applications demand multi-band operation. Dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs) can be made with a wide range of materials and allow many excitation methods. We are investigating liquid dielectrics as DRAs at frequencies between 1-4 GHz. In this paper we report a variable height liquid antenna. We used pure water which has good dielectric properties for frequencies up to 2 GHZ salt (NaCl salinity S<4ppt) was added to reduce the dielectric response of water at high frequencies (<2 GHz). As a development to where the match was tuned by varying the length of the antenna; the resonant frequency of the proposed antenna is now changed by varying the liquid column height.