An overview of conformal 3D diffraction lens antennas

In order to increase the focusing, resolving and scanning properties and to create different shaped radiation patterns the Fresnel zone plate and antenna can be assembled conformable to a curvilinear natural or man-made formation. Three basic types of diffractive antennas and lens are distinguished (according to the principle of their location relative to the direction of electromagnetic wave propagation), they are: a transverse element (implemented primarily on a plane surface), a longitudinal-transverse element (on an arbitrary curved surface), and a longitudinal element (representing a set of screens situated along the direction of electromagnetic wave propagation). Diffractive antennas and lens can operate by the principle of "transmission" or "reflection".