Beamforming for information transfer in wireless sensor networks without perfect positioning

When wireless sensor networks (WSN) work in wild environments, nearby receivers are often hard to build. How to receive data from WSN is a big problem. In this article, we use a beamforming method to establish a wireless communication link between WSN and far-field receiver by using WSN nodes as antenna array elements. We build up a model of randomly distributed 2-dimensional antenna array and propose a convenient method to synthesize it with an equivalent 1-dimensional array. We also propose a method to reduce the gain loss due to inaccurate positioning.