Electromagnetic Waves in Artificial Periodic Structures

Periodical structures are particularly interesting in the optical and near-optical frequency range and may be used to manufacture electronic circuits, devices and unusual optical equipment. In some plates, waves at low incidence angles do not penetrate artificial media, while with increasing incidence angles waves begin to penetrate such media. At the same time, refraction angles decrease at first and subsequently change their sign. A plate may be designed where effects of birefringence are used: however, polarization of both rays is the same, as opposed to regular birefringence. In ferrite films placed into magnetic fields, reflected waves may be absent or no refracted waves be observed, although incident waves may be present