Time Transfer Based on GPS Precise Point Positioning

Precise point positioning (PPP) is a wildly used technique within the positioning communities, but it is less well known among timing groups. In this paper, we show the potential for time and frequency transfer using PPP. The results demonstrate that the precise of time transfer is about a few nanoseconds (ns), and we were able to derive a frequency stability of 2 times 10^-14 for averaging times of one day. The precise is comparable or even better with common view technique, but it is easy to implement comparing with GPS carrier phase (CP) techniques (network solution). So developing a simple generic tool for precise point positioning clock solutions will greatly facilitate broader use of geodetic clock solutions