Slot Antenna Design for Wireless Communications Systems

In this paper, we present the practical considerations of designing antennas for cellular handsets as well as several antenna miniaturization techniques that can be used to reduce the size of planar slot antennas. Examples of miniaturized slot antennas that are 15 to 20 times smaller than traditional dipole or patch antennas are presented and discussed. Miniaturization techniques that can be used to reduce the size of cavity-backed slot antennas, by as much as 80%, are also presented. It is shown that, even with the very small cavity- dimensions, the antennas still demonstrate front-to-back ratios of 4-7 dB. Moreover, an example of a miniaturized on-chip slot antenna integrated with a low noise amplifier on a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) chip is also presented and discussed. Finally a particular antenna configuration, optimized to possess good performance characteristics for a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna module in small real estates, is presented and discussed.