Printed Circuit Board Electrodes for Transmural Cardiac Mapping

Plunge needle recording techniques have provided valuable insights into transmural activation in cardiac tissue. Construction of plunge needles has been a costly and time intensive endeavor. Plunge needles constructed with standard printed circuit board (PCB) technology and methods are outlined. PCB plunge needles are less expensive in terms of raw materials and time required for construction than hypodermic stock or epoxy plunge needles. Tested PCB plunge needles recorded signals comparable to signals recorded by other plunge needles. PCB plunge needles provide an economical and rapid alternative to previously published techniques for plunge needle design