Pulse propagation along single wire electric fences

This paper presents a mathematical model through which the propagation characteristics of high voltage (HV) transient pulses along a single wire electric fence line can be accurately predicted. The fence line, which has an earth return path, is modeled in frequency domain to facilitate an analytical solution for the propagation of HV pulses along the line. The frequency domain solution is then transformed into time domain through a numerical Laplace inversion algorithm to determine the propagation characteristics of the line at a given location and time. For various line conditions, the propagation characteristics of HV pulses are investigated, and the results indicate that the parameters of fence lines are frequency dependent, and an accurate insight into the propagation characteristics of HV pulses along single wire fence lines can only be achieved through a frequency dependent fence model. The proposed model is applicable only for single wire fences, but has the advantages of simplicity and less computational time requirement. As confirmed by simulations of power systems computer aided design (PSCAD), the frequency dependent fence model is accurate, and would thus be an invaluable tool at the design phase of electric fence energizers.