A Closed-Form Solution for Untransposed Transmission-Lines Fault Location With Nonsynchronized Terminals

This paper introduces a novel method for fault location in alternate current transmission lines relying on the voltage and current measurements in both line ends. The novelty of this method lies in the fact that there is no need for terminal synchronization and it can be applied to general untransposed transmission lines. The proposed formulation only applies a closed-form solution; thus, no iterative algorithm is required. Several simulated and real-world results are presented, and they show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.