Higher Order Continuous SI Engine Observers

A nonlinear compensator for the fuel film dynamics and a second order nonlinear observer for a spark ignition engine are presented in this paper. The compensator and observer are realized as continuous differential equations and an especially designed integration algorithm is used to integrate them in real time. Using these means, accurate steady state and transient air/fuel control can be obtained with excellent robustness properties. Some useful condition monitoring facilities are also available in the observer. The compensator and observer are based on a Mean Value Engine Model (MVEM) presented earlier. A MVEM is one which predicts the mean value of the engine states and internal variables over time scales which are large compared to the cyclic engine process.