An extension of the 3GPP spatial channel model in outdoor-to-indoor environments

This paper proposes a novel outdoor-to-indoor multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) statistical channel model which integrates the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) spatial channel model extended (SCME) and a spherical power spectrum model at the mobile station (MS). A Gaussian distribution for the elevation angle of the incident waves at the MS is utilized to extend the two-dimensional (2-D) channel model in SCME into three dimensional (3-D). A modified cross-polarization discrimination (XPD) model is proposed for such outdoor-to-indoor radio scenario. To show the features of the novel MIMO channel model, simulation results are presented, including the multipath intensity profiles and the correlation functions in the domains of time, frequency, and space. Furthermore, the wideband MIMO channel outage capacities, based on the proposed model and the conventional SCME model, are compared. It is found that given the same signal to noise ratio, the outage capacity of the proposed model is slightly less than that of the conventional SCME model due to less diversity in the outdoor-to-indoor radio environment.