Balancing Traffic Load in Wireless Sensor Networks with Mapping Surface Cone Flank Route

We introduce a cone flank routing model for balancing traffic load in multi-hop wireless networks. When routing along shortest paths, the nodes that are centrally located forward a disproportionate amount of traffic, the nodes at the centre will be much more congested than ones at periphery. However the maximum load can be decreased if the packets follow a cone flank. We map all nodes uniformly on a cone flank, such we decrease the maximum load with the same original uniformity level. We then propose a theoretical solution, address the optimum top angle in terms of geometric optics.