Three-Dimensional Plasmonic Metamaterials and Their Fabrication Techniques

We present our research progress on the development of 3-D plasmonic metamaterials. Specifically, we describe the theoretical investigation of optical responses of metamaterials and their fabrication techniques. Based on an LC resonant circuit model considering the dispersive properties of metals, we show the comprehensive design principle of the 3-D metamaterials that exhibit strong magnetic responses at high frequencies. Based on the theoretical result, we propose and demonstrate top-down and bottom-up approaches for the fabrication of 3-D plasmonic metamaterials: two-photon fabrication of 3-D metallic nanostructures, DNA-templating mass production of gold trimer rings, and magnetic-field-induced self-assembly of gold necklace structures.