Title :
Accurate Gaze Direction Measurements With Free Head Movement for Strabismus Angle Estimation
Author :
Bakker, Nicole M. ; Lenseigne, Boris A. J. ; Schutte, Sander ; Geukers, Elsbeth B. M. ; Jonker, Pieter P. ; van der Helm, Frans C. T. ; Simonsz, Huibert J.
Author_Institution :
Dept. of Biomed. Eng., Delft Univ. of Technol., Delft, Netherlands
Abstract :
We present the Delft Assessment Instrument for Strabismus in Young children (DAISY) a device designed to measure angles of strabismus in young children fast and accurately. DAISY allows for unrestrained head movements by the mean of a triple camera vision system that simultaneously estimates the head rotation and the eye pose. The device combines two different methods to record bilateral eye position: corneal reflections (Purkinje images) and pupillary images. Detailed results are provided on three orthotropic subjects (age 25-27). Three different conditions were tested: 1) gaze ahead, 2) gaze ahead with different head rotations, and 3) fixed head with different eye positions. Systematic errors occurred between subjects that need further study. The system reached sufficient accuracy to be applied for the measurement of angles of strabismus, almost independent from the head pose.
Keywords :
biomechanics; biomedical equipment; cameras; eye; medical image processing; stereo image processing; visual perception; angle measurement; bilateral eye position; corneal reflections; delft assessment instrument; free head movement; gaze direction measurements; head rotations; orthotropic subjects; pupillary images; strabismus angle estimation; systematic errors; triple camera vision system; unrestrained head movements; young children; Cameras; Cornea; Estimation; Optical imaging; Standards; Visualization; Computer vision; eye pose; head rotation; stereo imaging; strabismus; Adult; Cornea; Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; Female; Fixation, Ocular; Head Movements; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Male; Reproducibility of Results; Strabismus;
Journal_Title :
Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on
DOI :
10.1109/TBME.2013.2246161
