Diagnostics and treatment of tumours using laser techniques

Laser spectroscopy techniques can be used for tumour detection as well as for localised therapy of malignancies. Laser-induced fluorescence with or without exogenously administered tumour seeking agents is a promising technique for real-time detection of atypical cells and dysplasia before the diseased areas can be visualised by the naked eye. Tumour borders can also be delineated towards normal non-affected tissue with the same technique. Gas in scattering media absorption spectroscopy can be used for monitoring gas contents in hollow organs in the human body, such as the sinuses in the facial area. Photodynamic therapy utilising red laser light and photosensitising agents is a selective treatment modality for certain types of thin malignancies. By using optical fibres inserted into the tumour mass deep lying tumours can also be treated.