3D SAR focusing for subsurface point targets

In this work we develop a methodology for imaging subsurface point targets using a single-pass strip-map synthetic aperture radar (SAR). The point targets are embedded in an arbitrary homogeneous half space, and are located at arbitrary depths. It is assumed that the radar frequency is low enough and system sensitivity high enough to allow the required two-way penetration depth to target. The succession of steps required to form the image of the subsurface point targets are described, including the estimation of the subsurface wave velocity, estimation of the depth of the point target, and the modified range and azimuth filters to achieve optimum resolution. The theoretical approach is described and results are presented for a range of point target depths, subsurface velocities, and radar system parameters. It is found that with the assumptions made it is possible to image the point targets in 3D with good range, azimuth, and depth accuracy.