Voltage-mode universal filter with three-input single-output using DDCCs

A new three inputs and single output voltage-mode universal biquadratic filter using only three plus-type differential difference current conveyors, two grounded capacitors and two grounded resistors is presented. The proposed circuit provides highpass, bandpass, lowpass, bandstop, and allpass voltage filters at high-input and low-output impedance, which enable easy cascadability of the circuit. No critical matching conditionals are imposed for realizing all the filter responses and all the incremental parameter sensitivities are low. The characteristics of the proposed circuit are simulated using PSPICE to confirm the theory.