Power reduction in on-chip interconnection network by serialization

We explore the use of serialization in on-chip buses for reducing interconnect energy. Serialization reduces wire density and hence the coupling capacitance between adjacent data bits. This enables higher data rates, thus making it possible to send multiple data bits on a single wire within a single clock cycle. Energy reduction is brought about as a result of the decreased coupling capacitance, however this is offset by increased size and number of repeaters to obtain higher speed. A critical delay exists above which serialization is more energy efficient. We find this critical delay for a 2:1 serialization by solving an optimization problem formulated as minimization of power with serialization factor (1 or 2), area, bandwidth and frequency as constraints, and having repeater size, number of repeaters, and wire dimensions as design variables. We find that for delays above 40% of minimum delay for the wire, double pumping is more energy efficient across a range of technology nodes and supply voltages and matches well with a simple analytical derivation.