Notice of RetractionSimulations of deposition rate of asphaltene and flow properties of oil-gas-water three-phase flow in submarine pipelines by CFD

Notice of Retraction

After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE´s Publication Principles.

We hereby retract the content of this paper. Reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper.

The presenting author of this paper has the option to appeal this decision by contacting TPII@ieee.org.

Deposition of asphaltenes can occur in the tubing, pipelines and surface facilities leading to operational problems and loss in production. Nevertheless, accurate predictions of asphaltene instability have been elusive. Therefore, simulations of oil-gas-water three-phase flow in different structural pipelines are presented using 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics to get the distribution of each phase and the deposition rate of asphaltene. Calculation results show that flow velocity increases with the reduction of the effective cross-sectional area of the pipe, which leads to its vibration and shorter service life. In the other hand, pressure and temperature in the shrunken effective cross-sectional area decrease with the increase of velocity, intensifying the asphaltene deposition and transportation difficulty. Impact of deposition in bend and sudden changed pipelines is greater than that in straight ones. The calculation results of this paper can provide a guide for safe design and transportation of heavy crude oil in submarine pipelines.