Notice of RetractionAmmonia oxidation in integrated powdered activated carbon and microfiltration process

Notice of Retraction

After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE´s Publication Principles.

We hereby retract the content of this paper. Reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper.

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Filtration experiments using a bench-scale immersed membrane separation system combined with high dose of PAC (powdered activated carbon) were conducted in order to investigate ammonia oxidation. The experiments were carried out under such operation conditions as a filtration rate of 0.5 m/d, water temperature of 20°C. Synthetic water was used as the source water; the influent concentrations of TOC (total organic carbon), and NH₄⁺-N (ammonia nitrogen) were 7.8 mg/l, and 6.8 mg/l, respectively. Ammonia oxidation started to occur on the 12th day from the operation and was completed on the 22nd day. This study found that high concentration of PAC accelerated ammonia oxidation in PAC-MF system.