The foundation of JOLs and influencing factors

Concerning the influencing factors on judgments of learning (JOLs), this study focused on Koriat´s cue utilization framework and the challenge from other research. Four experiments were conducted to examine the effects of the intrinsic (relatedness) and extrinsic cues (presentation order and presentation time) on JOLs. In the four experiments, 257 participants were required to predict the likelihood of recalling each item immediately after studying it. The results showed that the relatedness of two items in a pair as an intrinsic cue influenced JOLs no matter when it was a within-subjects factor or a between-subjects factor. The extrinsic cues, such as presentation order and presentation time, reliably influenced JOLs when a mixed-list method was adopted, which indicted that the extrinsic cues were not always discounted by JOLs. The longer the time that participants spent on making judgments was, the higher the JOLs were.