Analysis of forward body biasing (FBB) in a complementary differential LC injection-locked frequency divider based on direct injection

While the lower power consumption of LC injection-locked frequency dividers (ILFDs) compared to digital dividers has made them increasingly attractive for use in frequency synthesizers, their narrow locking range remains an issue for the designers. One of the techniques to widen the locking range in these dividers is direct injection. In this paper, we present a simplified model of an LC ILFD and we analyze the effect on the locking range of the circuit of forward body biasing (FBB) the switch transistor. We show that FBB increases the locking range.