A survey of advanced modulation formats for high-speed transmission

Optical fiber communication systems form the high speed transport infrastructure that enables global broadband data services and advanced Internet applications. The desire for higher speed and the drive for lower costs per end-to-end transmitted information bit have led to optically routed networks with high spectral efficiencies. In this paper, we discuss the intensity and phase modulated formats and highlight their resilience to key impairments found in optical communication systems as polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) and fiber nonlinearity.