A non-blind watermarking on 3D model in spatial domain

In the last decade, 3D watermarking has been one of the most active research topics, attracting the interest of researchers with different backgrounds, such as, signal processing, communication and information theory, cryptography, and computational vision. Nowadays, 3D meshes are widely used in virtual reality, medical imaging, video games and computer aided design. A non-blind spatial domain method of embedding watermarks into 3D models is proposed in this paper. We transform the 3D model into 2D matrix by firstly transforming 3D rectangular coordinates of the model into cylindrical coordinates with constant interval in the Z axis and quantizing the radial angles with required angular change. The watermarks are embedded into spatial domain. To detect watermarks, registration and re-sampling are required to bring the attacked mesh model back into its original location, orientation, scale, and topology and resolution level.