How to eliminate the UWP effect in JOLs

The Underconfidence with Practice (UWP) effect resultes from the separation between JOLs and recall performance, therefore the enhancement JOLs or reduces the recall performance has the possibility to eliminate this effect. We used two judgments to eliminate the UWP effect. Second-order judgments (SOJs) pertain to an individual´s confidence in the JOLs themselves; the second judgment (RCJs) was used to access the correctness of past retrieval and often are assumed to arise from the retrievability of the to-be-judge item from memory. The results showed that the recall performance and the JOLs improved from Trial 1 to Trial 2, however, we did not find the UWP effect in immediate-JOLs and delayed-JOLs, which means that the SOJs and RCJs did eliminate the UWP effect.