Stochastic least-symbol-error-rate adaptive equalization for pulse-amplitude modulation

The paper derives a stochastic-gradient minimum symbol-error-rate (MSER) algorithm, called the least symbol error rate (LSER), for training the linear equalizer and linear-combiner decision feedback equalizer (DFE) with M -PAM signalling. This LSER algorithm has some performance advantages, in terms of faster convergence rate and smaller steady-state symbol error rate (SER) misadjustment, over an existing simpler stochastic-gradient adaptive MSER algorithm called the approximate MSER (AMSER).