Amperometric and voltammetric microsensors based on conductive polymeric metalloporphyrins

Conductive polymeric films of several porphyrins with nickel as a central metal have been applied as a sensing material or a transducer in amperometric and voltammetric micro sensors. Microsensors with a diameter smaller than 0.5 μm for nitric oxide, calcium and nickel have been developed. Sensors can be implanted in a single bio- logical cell or placed on the cell membrane for in situ measurements of flux and concentration of NO, Ni(II), Ca(II) with a detection limit of 10 nM, 50 nM and 200 nM respectively.