Exposure systems for bioelectromagnetic investigations in the radiofrequency range: Classification and emerging trends

In this work, the radiofrequency (RF) exposure systems, used for bioelectromagnetic investigations and published in international journals from 1999, have been reviewed and classified. Classification is based on criteria accounting for both the experimental protocol and the kind of electromagnetic structure employed: radiating, propagating and resonant. The main general features of different kinds of in vitro and in vivo systems have been presented and discussed. Moreover, specifications coming from emerging trends in bioelectromagnetic research have been examined.