3D integration from the viewpoint of high-end server system design

3D integration is a promising new technology family with several characteristics that could be exploited to add value to high-performance server systems. Potential benefits include higher computational density, lower power, and increased modularity with respect to 2D implementations. However, 3D affects design in fundamental ways. This paper describes how 3D affects design and architecture, and explains why a multi-disciplinary, co-design approach is needed to realize the full benefits of 3D for high-performance applications.