Photovoltaic systems

The aim of the present paper is the description of various types of photovoltaic systems, basic calculation and design principles, the scopes of application and their operation investigation. Various types of the PV stations are described in this paper. The basic principles of calculation of the photovoltaic systems, the description of the basic design components of each type and the principles of each component choice are given. The scopes of application of photovoltaic systems are reviewed. The practical applications of PV systems in grid on systems, beacons, telecommunications and street lightings are given in Russia, Poland and Germany. The performances of grid on station in Germany are investigated for four years period. The possibility of low power applications like photographic and video cameras, mobile phones, music players and so on is considered.