Empirical BEV model for power flow analysis and demand side management purposes

The discussion about the substitution of fossil driven vehicles by battery electric vehicles (BEV) has raised questions from a power system operation perspective. The focus areas today are distribution networks (medium-to low-voltage level) with respect to the expected impact of a high penetration of the BEV charging action. BEV´s will be mainly connected to the lower medium and low voltage power grid. Theoretic research and measurements show that the uncontrolled BEV charging can result in additional peaks at the step down transformers and adjacent cable systems. Assuming that the peak generation can feed in, power must flow over the entire distribution networks to the low voltage level. This results in situations where the operational limits of the power grid could be reached. This paper focuses on the modeling of these phenomena in order to forecast the daily load shape and additionally information as input for the power systems operation and optimization purposes, for example demand side management (DSM) strategies for managed BEV´s charging. All models are based on the results of the field test in Berlin, using 50 Mini-E for managed charging.