Abstract :
In part I of this article we presented the design alternatives, issues, and challenges for designing backhaul for 2G (GSM, CDMA) and 3G (UMTS, CDMA2000) radio access networks (RANs). Part II extends the survey of backhaul technologies to address LTE-based RANs. We present various alternatives to deal with the specific requirements imposed by Evolved Packet System architecture on the backhaul design. In particular, we address handling of the X2 interface, network security through IPSec, distribution of frequency and phase synchronization, the impact of small cell design, self-organizing networks, and endend QoS management within backhaul. We also present a brief overview of active debates with respect to some of these design options as open issues, in particular the impact of LTE-Advanced requirements on LTE backhaul design.
Keywords :
3G mobile communication; IP networks; Long Term Evolution; code division multiple access; quality of service; radio access networks; synchronisation; telecommunication security; 2G RAN; 2G radio access networks; 3G RAN; 3G radio access networks; IPSec; LTE backhaul design; LTE-Advanced requirements; LTE-based RAN; X2 interface; cell design; end-end QoS management; evolved packet system architecture; frequency distribution; network security; phase synchronization; radio access network backhaul evolution; self-organizing networks; Computer architecture; Frequency synchronization; IP networks; Long Term Evolution; Microprocessors; Radio access networks; Synchronization;
