Experimental and numerical study of high-uniform period surface structures induced by femtosecond pulsed laser

In this paper, we perform experimental and numerical study of the formation of femtosecond laser-induced periodic surface structures on metals, Cu, Ag, and Al. Under identical experimental conditions, laser-induced surface structures show distinctly different level of morphological clearness on the three different metals. The structures differences are explained by numerical calculations depending the improved two-temperature model. The calculation results confirm our experimental work on femtosecond laser induced periodic surface structures on metals, where electron-phonon energy coupling and hot electron diffusion are believed to play the dominant role.