Comparison of time and frequency domain methods for indirect lightning effect computation: A case study

The numerical analysis of indirect lightning effects often is based on numerical methods in time domain. Due to the comparatively long duration of lightning pulses and dominant frequency contributions in the kHz-range these methods usually are not straightforward to use and subject to inherent difficulties. In this case study it is shown that frequency domain methods also allow the numerical analysis of indirect lightning effects and offer an independent numerical approach. As a consequence, the availability of two independent numerical methods facilitates the validation of numerical results and, in view of certification, makes numerical simulation a more reliable tool for the prediction of indirect lightning effects.