Towards an optimal activation pattern of tertiary control reserves in the power system of Switzerland

This paper focuses on designing a framework for the activation of tertiary control reserves in order to improve frequency control performance. Considering the fact that tertiary control reserves are not immediately available and, therefore, must be requested in advance, a pattern is proposed based on a Model Predictive Control (MPC) scheme. Linear regression models based on a robust Maximum Likelihood Estimate (MLE) are employed to predict the control signal. The proposed optimization technique is simulated using measurements from the Swiss power system to illustrate technical and economic aspects.