2D Shape Deformation Based on Positional Constraints and Layer Manipulation

This paper presents an interactive system for deforming two-dimensional objects based the manipulation of positional constraints and the creation and editing of layers representing parts of the object. The layers may be deformed in a independent way, or they can be related through regions of interest chosen by the user. Using tools for editing and deforming layers it is possible to achieve more natural results than single-layer approaches. The system is particularly suited to the animation of characters in the form of cartoons where arms or legs overlap the body or each other.