Dynamic-priority-based real-time charging management for plug-in electric vehicles in smart grid

Massive and random charging activities by increasing penetration of the plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) shall bring significant electricity impact in the smart grid. The real-time charging management with dynamic-priority scheduling is the key to satisfy various charging requirements and help utility optimize infrastructure utilization. The paper firstly introduces an access network structure, then proposed a submeter for real-time management, after that a three-process decomposition of the PEV charging activity using queuing theory is carried out. Based on the decomposition, the real-time management of each process is proposed. Furthermore, the paper designed a dynamic-priority scheduling based on the PEV slack time for satisfying various charging requirements, and these time-sensitive PEVs can be served firstly. Simulation results show the proposed charging management performs efficiently on reducing the grid peak load, improving the utility utilization, and enhancing the on-time percentage in mid and low penetrations. Study findings in this paper will help support informed decision-making regarding PEV development and deployment in the near future.