Differential price decision and coordination of closed-loop supply chain

The differential price decision of closed-loop supply chain is studied under the condition that new products and remanufactured products are sold at differential prices, and the waste products are recycled at differential prices. The wholesale price and retail price of new product and remanufactured product, the recycling price and recycling transferred price are obtained respectively under cooperative and non-cooperative game. Comparison between differential and non-differential price decision is further analyzed. And a coordination method is put forward under differential price decision. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the models.