Comparing control strategies for EV and PHEV fleets providing regulation ancillary services

Plug-in hybrid and fully electric vehicle fleets can be utilized to provide regulation services for the electric grid through a bi-directional Vehicle-to-Grid cooperation. This paper presents several control approaches for the charging or discharging of vehicles batteries as performed by a distribution network operator, which in return benefits from the reduction of power imbalances. A comparison of results reveals the advantage of deploying real-time regulation prices as well as the superior functionality of plug-in hybrid vehicles. The study is based on the German electricity market data of 2010.